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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Medicine --- Endocrinology --- thyroid nodules --- thyroid cancer --- Graves Disease --- subacute thyroiditis --- autoimmune thyroid disease

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The type I interferon system plays a critical role in host defense in health, and a growing body of literature suggests that type I interferon is a critical mediator of human autoimmune disease. Type I interferons function as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems, and as such play an important role in setting thresholds for response against self antigens. Many investigators have focused on the role type I interferons play in autoimmune disease. This fascinating and rapidly growing body of literature encompasses many different autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and others. In this Research Topic, we provide a comprehensive overview of the various roles type I interferons play in autoimmune diseases, with a focus on human immunology.

Interferon. --- Autoimmune diseases. --- Immunologic diseases. --- Immunology. --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Immune diseases --- Immune disorders --- Immune system --- Immunologic disorders --- Immunological diseases --- Diseases --- Autoimmunologic diseases --- Autoimmunity --- Immunologic diseases --- Interferons --- Antineoplastic agents --- Antiviral agents --- Glycoproteins --- Lymphokines --- Books in machine-readable form --- Digital books --- E-books --- Ebooks --- Online books --- Books --- Electronic publications --- Multiple Sclerosis --- autoimmune thyroid disease --- systemic lupus erythematosus --- systemic sclerosis --- Sjogren's Syndrome

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The trace mineral selenium is still regarded as one of the most interesting and health-beneficial elements. In addition to the Editorial containing a dedication to Dr. Leopold Flohé, this Special Issue contains 13 research articles and 8 reviews, with over 120 different contributors covering many of the most important subjects concerning the study of selenium. The articles address both selenium as well as selenoproteins and their molecular roles, providing important considerations regarding this trace element’s impact on human and animal health and disease.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- selenoproteome --- selenoprotein hierarchy --- nonradioactive isotopes --- SEC-ICP MS --- glutathione peroxidase --- thioredoxin reductase --- SECIS --- translation regulation --- autoimmune thyroid disease --- diabetes mellitus --- Graves’ disease --- Hashimoto thyroiditis --- infection --- inflammation --- long-COVID --- rheumatoid arthritis --- selenoprotein P --- sepsis --- selenoprotein W --- thioredoxin --- 14-3-3 --- Akt --- cell death --- Selenof --- selenium --- selenoprotein --- colon cancer --- barrier integrity --- cardiovascular --- heart --- selenoproteins --- Keshan’s Disease --- bacteria --- selenite --- selenium delivery system --- Trsp --- hypothalamus --- Agrp neuron --- sex differences --- diet-induced obesity --- leptin resistance --- macrophage --- differentiation --- redox signaling --- NRF2 --- NF-κB --- lipid mediators --- seleocysteine --- autoimmunity --- lymphocyte --- cadmium cytotoxicity --- cancer therapy --- cisplatin --- ICP-MS --- nonsynonymous mutation --- selenium homeostasis --- ZIP8 --- Trit1 --- isopentenylation --- tRNA[Ser]Sec --- selenocysteine --- genetic variance --- human disease --- selenophosphate synthetase --- endothelial cell --- reactive oxygen species --- cell growth --- angiogenesis --- SEPHS1 --- early embryogenesis --- embryonic lethality --- prostate --- cancer --- tumor suppressor --- selenoprotein deficiency --- SECISBP2 --- Sec-tRNA[Ser]Sec --- SEPSECS --- antioxidative defense --- autoantibody --- Hashimoto’s thyroiditis --- trace element --- recoding --- SECIS-binding protein --- translation termination --- nonsense-mediated decay --- ribosome rescue --- health --- mouse models --- selenocysteine (Sec) --- virus --- viral --- antioxidant --- HIV --- HCV --- HBV --- coxsackie virus --- influenza --- n/a --- HIV-1 --- viral infection --- SELENOS --- SELENOO --- primary T cells --- Jurkat --- SupT1 --- translational control --- Graves' disease --- Keshan's Disease --- Hashimoto's thyroiditis

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The trace mineral selenium is still regarded as one of the most interesting and health-beneficial elements. In addition to the Editorial containing a dedication to Dr. Leopold Flohé, this Special Issue contains 13 research articles and 8 reviews, with over 120 different contributors covering many of the most important subjects concerning the study of selenium. The articles address both selenium as well as selenoproteins and their molecular roles, providing important considerations regarding this trace element’s impact on human and animal health and disease.

selenoproteome --- selenoprotein hierarchy --- nonradioactive isotopes --- SEC-ICP MS --- glutathione peroxidase --- thioredoxin reductase --- SECIS --- translation regulation --- autoimmune thyroid disease --- diabetes mellitus --- Graves’ disease --- Hashimoto thyroiditis --- infection --- inflammation --- long-COVID --- rheumatoid arthritis --- selenoprotein P --- sepsis --- selenoprotein W --- thioredoxin --- 14-3-3 --- Akt --- cell death --- Selenof --- selenium --- selenoprotein --- colon cancer --- barrier integrity --- cardiovascular --- heart --- selenoproteins --- Keshan’s Disease --- bacteria --- selenite --- selenium delivery system --- Trsp --- hypothalamus --- Agrp neuron --- sex differences --- diet-induced obesity --- leptin resistance --- macrophage --- differentiation --- redox signaling --- NRF2 --- NF-κB --- lipid mediators --- seleocysteine --- autoimmunity --- lymphocyte --- cadmium cytotoxicity --- cancer therapy --- cisplatin --- ICP-MS --- nonsynonymous mutation --- selenium homeostasis --- ZIP8 --- Trit1 --- isopentenylation --- tRNA[Ser]Sec --- selenocysteine --- genetic variance --- human disease --- selenophosphate synthetase --- endothelial cell --- reactive oxygen species --- cell growth --- angiogenesis --- SEPHS1 --- early embryogenesis --- embryonic lethality --- prostate --- cancer --- tumor suppressor --- selenoprotein deficiency --- SECISBP2 --- Sec-tRNA[Ser]Sec --- SEPSECS --- antioxidative defense --- autoantibody --- Hashimoto’s thyroiditis --- trace element --- recoding --- SECIS-binding protein --- translation termination --- nonsense-mediated decay --- ribosome rescue --- health --- mouse models --- selenocysteine (Sec) --- virus --- viral --- antioxidant --- HIV --- HCV --- HBV --- coxsackie virus --- influenza --- n/a --- HIV-1 --- viral infection --- SELENOS --- SELENOO --- primary T cells --- Jurkat --- SupT1 --- translational control --- Graves' disease --- Keshan's Disease --- Hashimoto's thyroiditis